IRIS

 Iris anatomy so there's just that it still

has a picture of the iris so there's two

ways to think of anatomy there's the

clinical anatomy and then the histologic

anatomy. So first let's talk about the

clinical anatomy there's two main zones

the pupillary zone and that contains the

see which one's the laser again the

pupil areas on which it contains the

ruff and the reflected or posterior

pigmented area and then you have the

ciliary zone which is on the outside of

the rough it contains Irish crypts and

they're separated by this collar rat

which represents the blood vessels

running through the iris so the other

way to look at it is more east

illogically there's five layers that we

classically talked about the anterior

limiting layer or an anterior border and

that is interrupted by a connective

tissue versus ciliary body then there's

a stroma which is sort of the meat of

the iris that has melanocytes the

vessels and different things that we'll

talking about more detail than the

muscular layer there's the smooth muscle

at the pupillary margin and smooth

muscle deep frier stroma if anterior

pigment epithelium in the posterior

pigment of the killer

there's kind of a cartoon version of

this as you can see this anterior border

the stroma without blood vessels and

then the muscles and the posterior

pigmented area so the anterior border is

condensation of fibroblasts and lanta

sites it's really really dense where you

have the crypts it is absent and from

what I read the reason for that is so

that the aqueous humor can more fully

bathe the stroma in those those crypts

the stroma itself contains pigmented

cells melanocytes clump cells

fibroblasts collagen hyaluronic acid

blood vessels are the nerves

mixed with the muscular layer this is

kind of the bulk of the iris matter that

we get medical school is that there's

the sphincter pupil a and the dilator

valuator is more sexual more medial and

this being the sanctum where media on a

dilator is more lateral and you can see

in this drawing the way that the fibers

run

so if smooth muscle is autonomic

innervation and they're derived from the

anterior pigment layer of the iris so

I'm gonna touch on this a little bit I

think it's gonna be explained in more

detail when we talk about some of the

abnormal findings but the dilator

muscles innervation sympathetic

innervation of one adrenergic

stimulation starts an ipsilateral

hypothalamus synapses to the t1 level of

spinal cord and then it travels from the

spinal cord over the pulmonary apex

which is something we always think about

with thoracic outlet syndrome in

it's like that and then it runs up the

superior cervical ganglion and runs

along the internal carotid plexus

through the cavernous sinus and then the

ophthalmic division of clay on their v

to the dilator muscle and then there's

also some parasympathetic innervation

that's inhibitory the sphincter muscle

is parasympathetic mostly with the

muscarinic receptors starts an editor

Westphal nucleus runs to cranial nerve

three through the cavernous sinus the

superior oblique branches to the

super-quick muscle and synapses in

ciliary ganglion and it then terminates

the short cilia nerve to die restrictor

and you see the sympathetic innervation

there that helps inhibit the sneaky

muscles so then interior pigment my

epithelium specialized myopathy all

cells the apex is of the anterior

posterior face each other and the bases

face out it's continuous at the

pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body

one thing dr. mammals always talks about

in path reads is the way to tell between

the iris and the ciliary body is the

iris has two pigmented layers that you

can't differentiate whereas the ciliary

body just has the one so this just

continues with the pigment tests earlier

body layer then you have posterior

pigment epithelium this is the part you

see coming t