Males now to have oxytocin but they don't have breast and uterus I think so what oxytocin is doing in the male's


Males now to have oxytocin  but they don't have breast and uterus I think so what oxytocin is doing in the male's.
Do you think the only female have
oxytocin of males also have. what
oxytocin is doing and male body for
attraction. I mean if I inject you
oxytocin you will develop attraction no
the right word is is partially right let
me tell you oxytocin is the bonding hormone it's the cuddle hormone it's really  loving Harmon actually when one human being touches the other human being in both of them their body there's a release of oxytocin
Males now to have oxytocin  but they don't have breast and uterus I think so what oxytocin is doing in the male's

and if you touch someone again and again
and again in a hug and kiss ain't right
even specially when the orgasm is there
there's a big surge of oxytocin and
oxytocin act in the center of a system
on the neurons and develop emotional
bonding between the human beings is that
right that is why it is called bonding
hormone bonding hormones right and here
I would love to mention one thing you
any females release more oxytocin as
compared to the men that is why usually
female get more strongly bonded with the
men and men do get bonded but weekly and
they can drift away easily yes they're
right and women can never understand why
men do not remain loyal
they are designed wrongly or definitely
ever say right so oxytocin hormone is a
bonding hormone - right so female is lot
of oxytocin that is why they get
emotionally bonded very we're not
quickly strongly remember girls don't
get attached quickly they can attract
anyone quickly but bonding takes time
right and here I must mention one thing
there's something which is called love
in the beginning stage you know the
early days of love when you
and suddenly world changes their days
that depends on that does not depend on
oxytocin that depends on now that
depends on Prytania dopamine and
norepinephrine rhodamine dopamine and
norepinephrine these sub strongly 
transmitters. when they are too much in
your brain and specially when you think
of your beloved person but you look at
the photo look at the person these hard
you know transmittal surge and you know
what these new transmitters they keep on
heightened alert state and they suppress
your area of the brain which are
concerned with the analysis and enhanced
activate the areas which are
concerned with the motion that so you
are a heightened emotionality about that
person without any sensible analysis
right and you are in love is that right
so in the beginning of love usually your
early phase is dominated by one dopamine
so Danny norepinephrine but as time
passes by the purpose of these three is
to keep the male and female bonded
enough time until what female gets
pregnant and Vivi's there yes but
meanwhile as time passes by both of them
start relieving male and female more and
more oxytocin and then they're bonding
come so that the friendly bonding occur
that baby which comes due to some
planned or unplanned inadvertent
activity both of them may remain bonded
for years to take care of that baby
right so in this way the early part of
the love the magical part where wrote on
in dopamine and norepinephrine is very
high concentration that is the part of
the love which is basically excited
stage and you don't think of anything
and you just go ahead with your love you
want plan to go ahead in the after the
your loved one even if he is or
going to help right but if you
really get involved and stay together
then enough oxytocin is released so that
if there the baby then what should
happen
you should be bounded enough but
men are in troubles usually you know
what happened their ties with one woman
get this special magical what is this
this dopamine rhodamine and
right right and then they get Neil and
female get bonded but some of some men
are addicted to that early phase so then
they find another woman I want to
experience that thing and so and so
forth and women never understand where
the old to love days have gone where
they are gone but still they may love
each other why they love each other
oxytocin is there you may find a man who
says I love my wife I don't want to hurt
her but I want to have multiple romances
extra what extra cellular activity no
extra marital activities some men who
cannot control themselves they want to
have those activities but at the same
time they do not want to hurt their
family
maybe the family they have oxytocin
going on bonding and other side they are
having dopamine serotonin and
norepinephrine activity so what really
happened that excitement phase of love
some people like to repeat it again and
again is that right and very important
thing and what happened why nature
plants that after sometimes those three
excitatory hormones neurotransmitters
should go down you know why because in
early love when slow down in dopamine
and norepinephrine is there you focus
more on your relationship and so much
focus on your beloved that many
important things in life you are not
doing or they are disrupted they are
disrupted but actually if you continue
like that life will be destroyed so
nature just keeps you in magical moments
which has released six months to two
years depending upon the couple and then
that spell breaks and oxytocin come to
hold you together and oxytocin is high
then man can go out and still start
working and focusing on other things in
the world and women can focus on the
baby you are understanding most of the
couple's this only happens once or twice
in a life and 10% couple are lucky they
repeatedly fall in love with each other
right but for men what happen usually
they go look after where they can get
their spell again and again
and for a woman what they do it's almost
every woman complain with her loving
husband those are very good days when
you used to love the used to bring the
flowers of course and now he's not being
in flower but maybe is bringing other
things they will drizzle table and chair
and rice which is not happy for the
things you are getting it so what really
happens
we've been all so long for those days
and men really go for those days your
understanding so purpose of oxytocin is
just to what bond and in this way
passionate love passionate love which
depends on know passionate love which
depend on dopamine floral and
norepinephrine with the time convert
into affectionate love passion is
finished between husband and wife and
affection is developed an affection



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Legal Disclaimer :

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Genital warts

Genital warts, also known as condyloma, or condylomata acuminata, is a highly contagious sexually transmitted infection.
It is spread during oral, genital, or anal sex with an infected partner. Genital warts are the most easily recognised sign of genital HPV infection.
Genital warts          

Genital warts often occur in clusters and can be very tiny or can spread into large masses in the genital or anal area. In women the warts occur on the outside and inside of the vagina, on the cervix, uterus or around the anus. While genital warts are approximately as prevalent in men, the symptoms of the disease may be less obvious. When present, they usually are seen on the tip of the penis. They also may be found on the shaft of the penis, on the scrotum, or around the anus. Rarely, genital warts also can develop in the mouth or throat of a person who has had oral sex with an infected person.

Genital warts often disappear even without treatment. In other cases, they eventually may develop a fleshy, small raised growth that looks like wadi. There is no way to predict whether the warts will grow or disappear. Therefore, if you suspect you have genital warts, you should be examined and treated, if necessary.

Depending on factors such as the size and location of the genital warts, a doctor will offer you one of several ways to treat them.
* A 20% podophyllin anti-mitotic solution, which you can apply to the affected area and later wash off

* A 0.5% podofilox solution, applied to the affected area but shouldn’t be washed off

* A 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cream

* Trichloroacetic acid (TCA)

* Pulsed dye laser

* Liquid nitrogen cryosurgery

If you are pregnant, you should not use podophyllin or podofilox because they are absorbed by the skin and may cause birth defects in your baby. In addition, you should not use 5-fluorouracil cream if you are trying to become pregnant or if there is a possibility that you could be pregnant.

If you have small warts, the doctor can remove them by freezing them, burning them or with laser treatment. Occasionally, the doctor will have to use surgery to remove large warts that have not responded to other treatment.

Some doctors use the antiviral drug interferon-alpha, which they inject directly into the warts, to treat warts that have returned after removal by traditional means. The drug is expensive, however, and does not reduce the rate that the genital warts return.

Although treatments can get rid of the warts, they do not get rid of the HPV virus, so warts can recur after treatment. However, the body’s immune system typically clears the virus anywhere from 6 months to a year. There is even some suggestion that effective treatment of the wart may aid the body’s immune response.

The virus that causes genital warts is spread by skin-skin contact. Condoms do not adequately protect against genital warts, because the infected spot may not be covered by a condom. The only reliable prevention is to have no skin contact with potentially infected tissue.

Gardasil, an effective HPV vaccine, is currently undergoing a phase III clinical trial and appears nearly 100% effective against the most common types.

This article is presented for informational purposes only and should not be interpreted as medical advice. If you or someone you know has genital warts, consult your doctor for the latest treatment options available.





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لیزر سے بالوں کو ختم کرناتیزی سے بڑھ رہا ہے۔

لیزر سے بالوں کو ختم کرناتیزی سے بڑھ رہا ہے۔ 

جس کا استعمال اب ہر کوئی کر رہا ہے۔  بغیر درد کے بالوں کو ختم کرنا ہر کسی کو اچھا لگتا ہے۔  یہ بڑی حد تک ان بے پناہ فوائد کی حامل ٹیکنالوجی ہے جس سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ یہ علاج دنیا بھر کے لاکھوں لوگ کروا رہے ہیں ۔ جو جسمانی

ناپسندیدہ بالوں کی موجودگی کی وجہ سے پریشانی محسوس کرتے ہیں۔  بالوں کو ہٹانے کے لئے برقی تجزیہ تیزی سے ماضی کی چیز بنتا جا رہا ہے یہاں تک کہ بالوں کو جلد سے ہٹانے کے طریقہ کار جیسے طویل المیعاد یا مستقل بالوں کو ہٹانے کے علاج کے طور پر بہت مقبولیت اختیار کر چکا ہے۔

 لہذا ہر کوئی اس پریشانی سے جان چھڑانا چاہتا ہے۔  جبکہ متعدد مارکیٹرز بالوں کو مستقل طور پر ہٹانے کے متعدد حل پیش کرسکتے ہیں ، لیکن اصل میں یہ وہی کچھ فراہم کرتے ہیں جس میں  ان کا زیادہ فائیدہ ہوتا ہے۔ فوائد کے لحاظ سے دکان دار  صارفین کو سمجھتے ہیں۔  اور یہ وہ جگہ ہے جہاں لیزر سے بالوں کو ہٹانا غیر ضروری ہے ، جو ناپسندیدہ بالوں سے بچنے کے معجزاتی انداز میں پیش کرتا ہے ، چاہے وہ خواتین کے چہرے کے بالوں کو ہٹائے ، مردوں کے لئے بالوں کو پیچھے سے ہٹانے کی بات ہو۔  یہ  ٹیکنالوجی بنیادی طور پر اس معمولی افادیت کی وجہ سے مقبول ہورہی ہے۔ کہ وہ آپ کو پیش کر سکتی ہے ، وقت ہو یا پیسہ ، رفتار یا درستگی جہاں تک بغیر تکلیف دہ بالوں کو ہٹانے کا علاج ہو۔

 لیزر سے بالوں کو ختم کرنے کے مستقل حل کے بطور خوبصورتی یہ ہے کہ جسم کے مختلف حصوں اور سطحوں پر یہ قابل اطلاق ہے۔  آپ اپنے  ، گالوں ، اوپری ہونٹوں ، ہاتھوں ، پیروں ، بازوؤں ، کمر ، رانوں ، کندھوں ، بالوں کے نیچے سے بالوں کو ہٹانے کے لئے  بالوں کے ماہرین کا  انتخاب کر سکتے ہیں جس میں  نقصان کے امکانات کم ہو جاتے ہیں۔جبکہ ماہرین کی ایک وسیع حد موجود ہے۔  اور اس سے زیادہ ، نہ صرف یہ کہ جلد ہی بغیر درد کے بالوں کو ختم کرنے کا طریقہ کار ہے ، بلکہ اس کا اثر بھی اتنا دیرپا ہوتا ہے کہ بالوں کو مستقل طور پر ہٹانے کے حل کے طور پر اس علاج کی وکالت کرنے والی ایک لابی بھی ہے۔

nbsp;بالوں کو ہٹانے کے علاج کی اس شکل کا راز یہ ہے کہ ہلکی توانائی کے تاروں کی مدد سے لیزرز آپ کے بالوں کی پتیوں کی بنیاد کو تھرمل سے متحرک کرتے ہیں اور جسمانی طور پر کبھی بھی آپ کی جلد پر اثر ڈالے بغیر اسے غیر مستحکم کرتے ہیں۔  اور چونکہ یہ ایک انتہائی  مرکوز بیم ہے ، لہذا بالوں کو ہٹانے کے ہدف کے علاقے میں درستگی اور اثر کو بہت حد تک بڑھاوا دیا جاتا ہے۔  5 منٹ سے کم سے کم ایک گھنٹہ تک محض چند علاجوں میں ، آپ ایسی ٹیکنالوجی کا تجربہ کرسکتے ہیں جو آپ کو نہ صرف بالوں کو ہٹانے کا مستقل حل فراہم کرتی ہے بلکہ ایک ایسا احساس بھی ہے جس سے جلد کو بغیر درد کے بالوں کو ہٹانے کا بھی یقین دلایا جاتا ہے۔






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New Joint Replacement Options For Women

New Joint Replacement 

Options For  Women



No matter how much progress is made in promoting gender equality, there are certain fundamental differences between women and men that affect how both sexes live-and how healthy those lives are.

For example, women are disproportionately affected and disabled by joint diseases such as arthritis, lupus and fibromyalgia, according to a report in Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. In fact, women suffer from severe arthritis at three times the rate of men, and according to a study from the New England Journal of Medicine, are twice as likely to need total joint replacements.

Shabana Goodfellow from mallroad, lahore, experienced this inequality firsthand. An active senior with six grandchildren, Goodfellow’s arthritis affected her so severely in her knees that she had trouble performing routine activities.


“Every time I climbed, stood or even sat in one place for a while, the pain was excruciating,” said Goodfellow. “I felt like I was living a part-time life.” She knew that she needed to take action before her pain forced her to miss the things she enjoyed most.

But hundreds of thousands of women are not seeking the treatment they require. While the need for total joint replacement may be greater for women, studies show they are less likely to receive treatment. There are a number of theories why, from relentless schedules to uncertainty about joint replacements themselves.

After consulting with her physician on possible treatments, Goodfellow decided to undergo surgery and receive a Stryker Triathlon

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Diseases of cornea

                Diseases of cornea

we are dealing yet very important topic and that is the corneal ulcers frequently we get this problem that how to differentiate
between the different ulcers when it is
bacterial when it is viral where it is
fungal what are the most prominent
features and how to decide the treatment
of choice so all right .

we'll be starting
with first the most common also and that
is the bacterial answer the bacterial
corneal ulcer is the most common as we
know now what is the most important
cause of this answer as you know the
most important cause of this also is the
epithelial erosion whenever there is erosion due to any of the reason
secondary bacterial infection is very
commonly occurring and the most common
bacteria is actually the staph aureus
staph aureus is most common in the world
but if they ask you in pakistan then it is
actually  streptococcus pneumoniae so we have most common in the word as well as we have most common in pakistan as well as the most common factor which is actually
responsible for the corneal ulcer is the
epithelial erosion now because most of
the bacteria are not able to invade the
intact epithelium that is why epithelial
erosion is actually the most common
cause of the secondary bacterial
infection but I will say that some
bacteria are much virulence and those
bacteria which are virulent enough which
are aggressive enough which can invade
the intact epithelium they have the risk
of causing corneal ulcers even when
there is conjunctivitis so for example
if I talk about gonococcus guna gokul
conjunctivitis which is most commonly
the purulent conjunctivitis whenever a
patient this systemic type of gonococcal
conjunctivitis which has systemic
features also like we have urethritis we
have arthritis in all these cases there
is always a risk of the bacterial
infection in the cornea also there is a
risk of corneal involvement also because
it can invade the intact corneal
epithelium now let us see a list which
can invade the intact corneal epithelium
the first important is the Corneal
bacterium tip 3 the first important
bacteria is the Corneal bacterium def 3
the second one  is the nazaria go
nori nazaria  the third important
is the nazaria meningitidis nazaria
meningitidis then the fourth one is the
Listeria food is the Listeria and fifth
is the H influenza and finally we have
the Shigella now this is again I
important mcq all those bacteria invade the internal epithelium are
these and apart from this they will
always cause corneal ulcers whenever
there is epithelial erosion all right
now because there is lot of vascular
ization which is present in the
bacterial corneal ulcer a very important
complaint of this patients these
patients is the pain in fact I can say
that pain is the most dominant feature
as well as most prominent feature of
those patients who are having the
bacterial corneal ulcer and both is due
to the vascular ization because it is so
red like why it is so painful both of
them is occurring due to the
vascularization lot of vascularization
reading lot of pain and lot of
congestion now these bacteria when they are invading and they are going inside in
the different layers of the cornea as
they reach inside they can also cause
the uveitis uveitis means are ido site
light when the inflammation is going to the
deeper layers there is active ulceration
from the superficial layers to the
deeper layers this keratitis which could
have started from conjunctivitis also so
this conjunctivitis then keratitis
is going to the deeper layers also it is
involving the iris and ciliary body it
is causing a reduce eye cleitus and that
is why photophobia
photophobia is again a very important
symptom of these patients plus the
inflammatory cells now these
inflammatory cells when they're
collected inside the anterior chamber
because of their happiness the accidents
will always settle at the bottom now
whenever the exudates are settling at
the bottom what is found this.this is called
as the hypo peon hypo peon is again a
very important feature of the bacterial
corneal ulcers bacterial corneal ulcers
every bacteria can produce the hypo peon
but only some of the bacterial hypo
peons are most dangerous
what is high poppy on first of all it is
the first in the anterior chamber this
hypo peon is formed due to this uveitis
and third the most dangerous hypo peons
the most dangerous IPOP ions are
produced by two bacteria one is the
pneumococcus one is the pneumococcus and
another is the Pseudomonas so most
important and most severe hi papi hands
are produced by two bacteria one is the
pneumococcus and in there is a
Pseudomonas now which one to choose from
if both are given and you are to choose
only one then go with the pneumococcus
it is more dangerous in comparison to
the Pseudomonas it is so much dangerous
hi poppy on is such a prominent feature
of this pneumococcus that this i poopy
on ulcer is also called as hi poopy on
corneal ulcer this ulcer is also called
as hi poppy on corneal also the name has
been given as hi poppy on corneal ulcer
because hypo peon is a prominent feature
of these answers it does not mean that I
poppy on is produced by only this every
bacteria as I told you before also every
bacteria can produce high poppy on but
the other ones will be called as corneal
ulcer with high popular will be called
as corneal ulcer with high poppy on well
only pneumococcus one is called as the
hypo peon corneal ulcer second important
thing this also is also called as alkis
serpent's it is also called as alkis
serpent's alkis means alpha serpents
serpents means snake-like alkis serpents
so if you are using two important words
when I am saying hi Pokemon corneal
ulcer that means I am talking about
pneumococcus when I am talking about the
Alka serpents that mean also that I am
talking about the pneumococcus now what
are the two important features of the
hypo peons whenever we have the
bacterial hypo peons you have to always
remember that these high pop yawns are
always steroid they are always sterile
as well as they are always mobile now
why it is so why this bacterial hypo
peons are always steroid and they're
always mobile they are sterile because
bacteria does not have the high fee but
there does not have high fee they do not
have the finger like projections which
can actually penetrate inside the
exudates so one very important feature
is that bacterial hypo peons are always
today second important thing they are
always mobile they are mobile because
they are not creamy like we are getting
this in cases of fungal granule also so
whenever the patient moves the hypo p1
will also move now because bacterial
hypo peons are always sterile they do
not need that spiration
why it is important because we do not
require
to do aspiration in cases of the
bacterial corneal ulcers having the hypo
peons because these hypo peons are
always stay right so we have noticed the
epithelial erosion we have noticed the
important causes of the bacterial
corneal ulcer the important bacteria
which can penetrate the intact corneal
epithelium important symptom the pain
and the important sign was photophobia
why you were getting this photophobia
why you were getting the uveitis why
pain is such important because of the
vascularization and because of the
absence of the hyphy we get just the
single also which is painful which is
always staring now if you compare these
features with another also that is your
the fungal corneal ulcer the important
features of the fungal granule ulcer on
the other hand this ulcer is very very
dry looking this also is very dry
looking it is grayish in color and
having the elevated margins also elevated margins the alsa which is
dry looking gray in color with elevated
margins all these are the properties of
the fungal corneal also these are the
properties of the fungal corneal ulcer
and this is all taking place due to the
absence of vascularization due to the
absence of the vascularizationthis is called
as the hypo peon hypo peon is again a
very important feature of the bacterial
corneal ulcers bacterial corneal ulcers
every bacteria can produce the hypo peon
but only some of the bacterial hypo
peons are most dangerous
what is high poppy on first of all it is
the first in the anterior chamber this
hypo peon is formed due to this uveitis
and third the most dangerous hypo peons
the most dangerous IPOP ions are
produced by two bacteria one is the
pneumococcus one is the pneumococcus and
another is the Pseudomonas so most
important and most severe hi papi hands
are produced by two bacteria one is the
pneumococcus and in there is a
Pseudomonas now which one to choose from
if both are given and you are to choose
only one then go with the pneumococcus
it is more dangerous in comparison to
the Pseudomonas it is so much dangerous
hi poppy on is such a prominent feature
of this pneumococcus that this i poopy
on ulcer is also called as hi poopy on
corneal ulcer this ulcer is also called
as hi poppy on corneal also the name has
been given as hi poppy on corneal ulcer
because hypo peon is a prominent feature
of these answers it does not mean that I
poppy on is produced by only this every
bacteria as I told you before also every
bacteria can produce high poppy on but
the other ones will be called as corneal
ulcer with high popular will be called
as corneal ulcer with high poppy on well
only pneumococcus one is called as the
hypo peon corneal ulcer second important
thing this also is also called as alkis
serpent's it is also called as alkis
serpent's alkis means alpha serpents
serpents means snake-like alkis serpents
so if you are using two important words
when I am saying hi Pokemon corneal
ulcer that means I am talking about
pneumococcus when I am talking about the
Alka serpents that mean also that I am
talking about the pneumococcus now what
are the two important features of the
hypo peons whenever we have the
bacterial hypo peons you have to always
remember that these high pop yawns are
always steroid they are always sterile
as well as they are always mobile now
why it is so why this bacterial hypo
peons are always steroid and they're
always mobile they are sterile because
bacteria does not have the high fee but
there does not have high fee they do not
have the finger like projections which
can actually penetrate inside the
exudates so one very important feature
is that bacterial hypo peons are always
today second important thing they are
always mobile they are mobile because
they are not creamy like we are getting
this in cases of fungal granule also so
whenever the patient moves the hypo p1
will also move now because bacterial
hypo peons are always sterile they do
not need that spiration
why it is important because we do not
require
to do aspiration in cases of the
bacterial corneal ulcers having the hypo
peons because these hypo peons are
always stay right so we have noticed the
epithelial erosion we have noticed the
important causes of the bacterial
corneal ulcer the important bacteria
which can penetrate the intact corneal
epithelium important symptom the pain
and the important sign was photophobia
why you were getting this photophobia
why you were getting the uveitis why
pain is such important because of the
vascularization and because of the
absence of the hyphy we get just the
single also which is painful which is
always staring now if you compare these
features with another also that is your
the fungal corneal ulcer the important
features of the fungal granule ulcer on
the other hand this ulcer is very very
dry looking this also is very dry
looking it is grayish in color and
having the elevated margins also having
the elevated margins the alsa which is
dry looking gray in color with elevated
margins all these are the properties of
the fungal corneal also these are the
properties of the fungal corneal ulcer
and this is all taking place due to the
absence of vascularization due to the
absence of the vascularization [Music]
all right so today we are dealing yet
very important topic and that is the
corneal ulcers frequently we get this
problem that how to differentiate
between the different ulcers when it is
bacterial when it is viral where it is
fungal what are the most prominent
features and how to decide the treatment
of choice so all right we'll be starting
with first the most common also and that
is the bacterial answer the bacterial
corneal ulcer is the most common as we
know now what is the most important
cause of this answer as you know important cause of this also is the
epithelial erosion whenever there is a
patil erosion due to any of the reason
secondary bacterial infection is very
commonly occurring and the most common
bacteria is actually the staph aureus
staph aureus is most common in the world
but if they ask you in India then it is
actually the it is actually the
streptococcus pneumoniae so we have most
common in the word as well as we have
most common in India as well as the most
common factor which is actually
responsible for the corneal ulcer is the
epithelial erosion now because most of
the bacteria are not able to invade the
intact epithelium that is why epithelial
erosion is actually the most common
cause of the secondary bacterial
infection but I will say that some
bacteria are much virulence and those
bacteria which are virulent enough which
are aggressive enough which can invade
the intact epithelium they have the risk
of causing corneal ulcers even when
there is conjunctivitis so for example
if I talk about gonococcus guna gokul
conjunctivitis which is most commonly
the purulent conjunctivitis whenever a
patient
this systemic type of gonococcal
conjunctivitis which has systemic
features also like we have urethritis we
have arthritis in all these cases there
is always a risk of the bacterial
infection in the cornea also there is a
risk of corneal involvement also because
it can invade the intact corneal
epithelium now let us see a list which
can invade the intact corneal epithelium
the first important is the Corney
bacterium tip 3 the first important
bacteria is the Corney bacterium def 3
the second one second is the nazaria go
nori nazaria go nori the third important
is the nazaria meningitidis nazaria
meningitidis then the fourth one is the
Listeria food is the Listeria and fifth
is the H influenza and finally we have
the Shigella now this is again I
important mcq all those bacteria which
can invade the internal epithelium are
these and apart from this they will
always cause corneal ulcers whenever
there is epithelial erosion all right
now because there is lot of vascular
ization which is present in the
bacterial corneal ulcer a very important
complaint of this patients these
patients is the pain in fact I can say
that pain is the most dominant feature
as well as most prominent feature of
those patients who are having the
bacterial corneal ulcer and both is due
to the vascular ization because it is so
red like why it is so painful both of
them is occurring due to the
vascularization lot of vascularization
reading lot of pain and lot of
congestion
now these bacteria when they are
invading and they are going inside in
the different layers of the cornea as
they reach inside they can also cause
the uveitis uveitis means are ido site
light
when the inflammation is going to the
deeper layers there is active ulceration
from the superficial layers to the
deeper layers this keratitis which could
have started from conjunctivitis also so
this conjunctivitis then keratitis
is going to the deeper layers also it is
involving the iris and ciliary body it
is causing a reduce eye cleitus and that
is why photophobia
photophobia is again a very important
symptom of these patients plus the
inflammatory cells now these
inflammatory cells when they're
collected inside the anterior chamber
because of their happiness the accidents
will always settle at the bottom now
whenever the exudates are settling at
the bottom what is fou PK
SKIP NAVIGATION
all right so today we are dealing yet
very important topic and that is the
corneal ulcers frequently we get this
problem that how to differentiate
between the different ulcers when it is
bacterial when it is viral where it is
fungal what are the most prominent
features and how to decide the treatment
of choice so all right we'll be starting
with first the most common also and that
is the bacterial answer the bacterial
corneal ulcer is the most common as we
know now what is the most important
cause of this answer as you know the
most important cause of this also is the
epithelial erosion whenever there is a
patil erosion due to any of the reason
secondary bacterial infection is very
commonly occurring and the most common
bacteria is actually the staph aureus
staph aureus is most common in the world
but if they ask you in India then it is
actually the it is actually the
streptococcus pneumoniae so we have most
common in the word as well as we have
most common in India as well as the most
common factor which is actually
responsible for the corneal ulcer is the
epithelial erosion now because most of
the bacteria are not able to invade the
intact epithelium that is why epithelial
erosion is actually the most common
cause of the secondary bacterial
infection but I will say that some
bacteria are much virulence and those
bacteria which are virulent enough which
are aggressive enough which can invade
the intact epithelium they have the risk
of causing corneal ulcers even when
there is conjunctivitis so for example
if I talk about gonococcus guna gokul
conjunctivitis which is most commonly
the purulent conjunctivitis whenever a
patient
this systemic type of gonococcal
conjunctivitis which has systemic
features also like we have urethritis we
have arthritis in all these cases there
is always a risk of the bacterial
infection in the cornea also there is a
risk of corneal involvement also because
it can invade the intact corneal
epithelium now let us see a list which
can invade the intact corneal epithelium
the first important is the Corney
bacterium tip 3 the first important
bacteria is the Corney bacterium def 3
the second one second is the nazaria go
nori nazaria go nori the third important
is the nazaria meningitidis nazaria
meningitidis then the fourth one is the
Listeria food is the Listeria and fifth
is the H influenza and finally we have
the Shigella now this is again I
important mcq all those bacteria which
can invade the internal epithelium are
these and apart from this they will
always cause corneal ulcers is epithelial erosion all right
now because there is lot of vascular
ization which is present in the
bacterial corneal ulcer a very important
complaint of this patients these
patients is the pain in fact I can say
that pain is the most dominant feature
as well as most prominent feature of
those patients who are having the
bacterial corneal ulcer and both is due
to the vascular ization because it is so
red like why it is so painful both of
them is occurring due to the
vascularization lot of vascularization
reading lot of pain and lot of
congestion
now these bacteria when they are
invading and they are going inside in
the different layers of the cornea as
they reach inside they can also cause
the uveitis uveitis means are ido site
light
when the inflammation is going to the
deeper layers there is active ulceration
from the superficial layers to the
deeper layers this keratitis which could
have started from conjunctivitis also so
this conjunctivitis then keratitis
is going to the deeper layers also it is
involving the iris and ciliary body it
is causing a reduce eye cleitus and that
is why photophobia
photophobia is again a very important
symptom of these patients plus the
inflammatory cells now these
inflammatory cells when they're
collected inside the anterior chamber
because of their happiness the accidents
will always settle .
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