Diseases of cornea

                Diseases of cornea

we are dealing yet very important topic and that is the corneal ulcers frequently we get this problem that how to differentiate

between the different ulcers when it is

bacterial when it is viral where it is

fungal what are the most prominent

features and how to decide the treatment

of choice so all right .

we'll be starting

with first the most common also and that

is the bacterial answer the bacterial

corneal ulcer is the most common as we

know now what is the most important

cause of this answer as you know the

most important cause of this also is the

epithelial erosion whenever there is erosion due to any of the reason

secondary bacterial infection is very

commonly occurring and the most common

bacteria is actually the staph aureus

staph aureus is most common in the world

but if they ask you in pakistan then it is

actually  streptococcus pneumoniae so we have most common in the word as well as we have most common in pakistan as well as the most common factor which is actually

responsible for the corneal ulcer is the

epithelial erosion now because most of

the bacteria are not able to invade the

intact epithelium that is why epithelial

erosion is actually the most common

cause of the secondary bacterial

infection but I will say that some

bacteria are much virulence and those

bacteria which are virulent enough which

are aggressive enough which can invade

the intact epithelium they have the risk

of causing corneal ulcers even when

there is conjunctivitis so for example

if I talk about gonococcus guna gokul

conjunctivitis which is most commonly

the purulent conjunctivitis whenever a

patient this systemic type of gonococcal

conjunctivitis which has systemic

features also like we have urethritis we

have arthritis in all these cases there

is always a risk of the bacterial

infection in the cornea also there is a

risk of corneal involvement also because

it can invade the intact corneal

epithelium now let us see a list which

can invade the intact corneal epithelium

the first important is the Corneal

bacterium tip 3 the first important

bacteria is the Corneal bacterium def 3

the second one  is the nazaria go

nori nazaria  the third important

is the nazaria meningitidis nazaria

meningitidis then the fourth one is the

Listeria food is the Listeria and fifth

is the H influenza and finally we have

the Shigella now this is again I

important mcq all those bacteria invade the internal epithelium are

these and apart from this they will

always cause corneal ulcers whenever

there is epithelial erosion all right

now because there is lot of vascular

ization which is present in the

bacterial corneal ulcer a very important

complaint of this patients these

patients is the pain in fact I can say

that pain is the most dominant feature

as well as most prominent feature of

those patients who are having the

bacterial corneal ulcer and both is due

to the vascular ization because it is so

red like why it is so painful both of

them is occurring due to the

vascularization lot of vascularization

reading lot of pain and lot of

congestion now these bacteria when they are invading and they are going inside in

the different layers of the cornea as

they reach inside they can also cause

the uveitis uveitis means are ido site

light when the inflammation is going to the

deeper layers there is active ulceration

from the superficial layers to the

deeper layers this keratitis which could

have started from conjunctivitis also so

this conjunctivitis then keratitis

is going to the deeper layers also it is

involving the iris and ciliary body it

is causing a reduce eye cleitus and that

is why photophobia

photophobia is again a very important

symptom of these patients plus the

inflammatory cells now these

inflammatory cells when they're

collected inside the anterior chamber

because of their happiness the accidents

will always settle at the bottom now

whenever the exudates are settling at

the bottom what is found this.this is called

as the hypo peon hypo peon is again a

very important feature of the bacterial

corneal ulcers bacterial corneal ulcers

every bacteria can produce the hypo peon

but only some of the bacterial hypo

peons are most dangerous

what is high poppy on first of all it is

the first in the anterior chamber this

hypo peon is formed due to this uveitis

and third the most dangerous hypo peons

the most dangerous IPOP ions are

produced by two bacteria one is the

pneumococcus one is the pneumococcus and

another is the Pseudomonas so most

important and most severe hi papi hands

are produced by two bacteria one is the

pneumococcus and in there is a

Pseudomonas now which one to choose from

if both are given and you are to choose

only one then go with the pneumococcus

it is more dangerous in comparison to

the Pseudomonas it is so much dangerous

hi poppy on is such a prominent feature

of this pneumococcus that this i poopy

on ulcer is also called as hi poopy on

corneal ulcer this ulcer is also called

as hi poppy on corneal also the name has

been given as hi poppy on corneal ulcer

because hypo peon is a prominent feature

of these answers it does not mean that I

poppy on is produced by only this every

bacteria as I told you before also every

bacteria can produce high poppy on but

the other ones will be called as corneal

ulcer with high popular will be called

as corneal ulcer with high poppy on well

only pneumococcus one is called as the

hypo peon corneal ulcer second important

thing this also is also called as alkis

serpent's it is also called as alkis

serpent's alkis means alpha serpents

serpents means snake-like alkis serpents

so if you are using two important words

when I am saying hi Pokemon corneal

ulcer that means I am talking about

pneumococcus when I am talking about the

Alka serpents that mean also that I am

talking about the pneumococcus now what

are the two important features of the

hypo peons whenever we have the

bacterial hypo peons you have to always

remember that these high pop yawns are

always steroid they are always sterile

as well as they are always mobile now

why it is so why this bacterial hypo

peons are always steroid and they're

always mobile they are sterile because

bacteria does not have the high fee but

there does not have high fee they do not

have the finger like projections which

can actually penetrate inside the

exudates so one very important feature

is that bacterial hypo peons are always

today second important thing they are

always mobile they are mobile because

they are not creamy like we are getting

this in cases of fungal granule also so

whenever the patient moves the hypo p1

will also move now because bacterial

hypo peons are always sterile they do

not need that spiration

why it is important because we do not

require

to do aspiration in cases of the

bacterial corneal ulcers having the hypo

peons because these hypo peons are

always stay right so we have noticed the

epithelial erosion we have noticed the

important causes of the bacterial

corneal ulcer the important bacteria

which can penetrate the intact corneal

epithelium important symptom the pain

and the important sign was photophobia

why you were getting this photophobia

why you were getting the uveitis why

pain is such important because of the

vascularization and because of the

absence of the hyphy we get just the

single also which is painful which is

always staring now if you compare these

features with another also that is your

the fungal corneal ulcer the important

features of the fungal granule ulcer on

the other hand this ulcer is very very

dry looking this also is very dry

looking it is grayish in color and

having the elevated margins also elevated margins the alsa which is

dry looking gray in color with elevated

margins all these are the properties of

the fungal corneal also these are the

properties of the fungal corneal ulcer

and this is all taking place due to the

absence of vascularization due to the

absence of the vascularizationthis is called

as the hypo peon hypo peon is again a

very important feature of the bacterial

corneal ulcers bacterial corneal ulcers

every bacteria can produce the hypo peon

but only some of the bacterial hypo

peons are most dangerous

what is high poppy on first of all it is

the first in the anterior chamber this

hypo peon is formed due to this uveitis

and third the most dangerous hypo peons

the most dangerous IPOP ions are

produced by two bacteria one is the

pneumococcus one is the pneumococcus and

another is the Pseudomonas so most

important and most severe hi papi hands

are produced by two bacteria one is the

pneumococcus and in there is a

Pseudomonas now which one to choose from

if both are given and you are to choose

only one then go with the pneumococcus

it is more dangerous in comparison to

the Pseudomonas it is so much dangerous

hi poppy on is such a prominent feature

of this pneumococcus that this i poopy

on ulcer is also called as hi poopy on

corneal ulcer this ulcer is also called

as hi poppy on corneal also the name has

been given as hi poppy on corneal ulcer

because hypo peon is a prominent feature

of these answers it does not mean that I

poppy on is produced by only this every

bacteria as I told you before also every

bacteria can produce high poppy on but

the other ones will be called as corneal

ulcer with high popular will be called

as corneal ulcer with high poppy on well

only pneumococcus one is called as the

hypo peon corneal ulcer second important

thing this also is also called as alkis

serpent's it is also called as alkis

serpent's alkis means alpha serpents

serpents means snake-like alkis serpents

so if you are using two important words

when I am saying hi Pokemon corneal

ulcer that means I am talking about

pneumococcus when I am talking about the

Alka serpents that mean also that I am

talking about the pneumococcus now what

are the two important features of the

hypo peons whenever we have the

bacterial hypo peons you have to always

remember that these high pop yawns are

always steroid they are always sterile

as well as they are always mobile now

why it is so why this bacterial hypo

peons are always steroid and they're

always mobile they are sterile because

bacteria does not have the high fee but

there does not have high fee they do not

have the finger like projections which

can actually penetrate inside the

exudates so one very important feature

is that bacterial hypo peons are always

today second important thing they are

always mobile they are mobile because

they are not creamy like we are getting

this in cases of fungal granule also so

whenever the patient moves the hypo p1

will also move now because bacterial

hypo peons are always sterile they do

not need that spiration

why it is important because we do not

require

to do aspiration in cases of the

bacterial corneal ulcers having the hypo

peons because these hypo peons are

always stay right so we have noticed the

epithelial erosion we have noticed the

important causes of the bacterial

corneal ulcer the important bacteria

which can penetrate the intact corneal

epithelium important symptom the pain

and the important sign was photophobia

why you were getting this photophobia

why you were getting the uveitis why

pain is such important because of the

vascularization and because of the

absence of the hyphy we get just the

single also which is painful which is

always staring now if you compare these

features with another also that is your

the fungal corneal ulcer the important

features of the fungal granule ulcer on

the other hand this ulcer is very very

dry looking this also is very dry

looking it is grayish in color and

having the elevated margins also having

the elevated margins the alsa which is

dry looking gray in color with elevated

margins all these are the properties of

the fungal corneal also these are the

properties of the fungal corneal ulcer

and this is all taking place due to the

absence of vascularization due to the

absence of the vascularization [Music]

all right so today we are dealing yet

very important topic and that is the

corneal ulcers frequently we get this

problem that how to differentiate

between the different ulcers when it is

bacterial when it is viral where it is

fungal what are the most prominent

features and how to decide the treatment

of choice so all right we'll be starting

with first the most common also and that

is the bacterial answer the bacterial

corneal ulcer is the most common as we

know now what is the most important

cause of this answer as you know important cause of this also is the

epithelial erosion whenever there is a

patil erosion due to any of the reason

secondary bacterial infection is very

commonly occurring and the most common

bacteria is actually the staph aureus

staph aureus is most common in the world

but if they ask you in India then it is

actually the it is actually the

streptococcus pneumoniae so we have most

common in the word as well as we have

most common in India as well as the most

common factor which is actually

responsible for the corneal ulcer is the

epithelial erosion now because most of

the bacteria are not able to invade the

intact epithelium that is why epithelial

erosion is actually the most common

cause of the secondary bacterial

infection but I will say that some

bacteria are much virulence and those

bacteria which are virulent enough which

are aggressive enough which can invade

the intact epithelium they have the risk

of causing corneal ulcers even when

there is conjunctivitis so for example

if I talk about gonococcus guna gokul

conjunctivitis which is most commonly

the purulent conjunctivitis whenever a

patient

this systemic type of gonococcal

conjunctivitis which has systemic

features also like we have urethritis we

have arthritis in all these cases there

is always a risk of the bacterial

infection in the cornea also there is a

risk of corneal involvement also because

it can invade the intact corneal

epithelium now let us see a list which

can invade the intact corneal epithelium

the first important is the Corney

bacterium tip 3 the first important

bacteria is the Corney bacterium def 3

the second one second is the nazaria go

nori nazaria go nori the third important

is the nazaria meningitidis nazaria

meningitidis then the fourth one is the

Listeria food is the Listeria and fifth

is the H influenza and finally we have

the Shigella now this is again I

important mcq all those bacteria which

can invade the internal epithelium are

these and apart from this they will

always cause corneal ulcers whenever

there is epithelial erosion all right

now because there is lot of vascular

ization which is present in the

bacterial corneal ulcer a very important

complaint of this patients these

patients is the pain in fact I can say

that pain is the most dominant feature

as well as most prominent feature of

those patients who are having the

bacterial corneal ulcer and both is due

to the vascular ization because it is so

red like why it is so painful both of

them is occurring due to the

vascularization lot of vascularization

reading lot of pain and lot of

congestion

now these bacteria when they are

invading and they are going inside in

the different layers of the cornea as

they reach inside they can also cause

the uveitis uveitis means are ido site

light

when the inflammation is going to the

deeper layers there is active ulceration

from the superficial layers to the

deeper layers this keratitis which could

have started from conjunctivitis also so

this conjunctivitis then keratitis

is going to the deeper layers also it is

involving the iris and ciliary body it

is causing a reduce eye cleitus and that

is why photophobia

photophobia is again a very important

symptom of these patients plus the

inflammatory cells now these

inflammatory cells when they're

collected inside the anterior chamber

because of their happiness the accidents

will always settle at the bottom now

whenever the exudates are settling at

the bottom what is fou PK

SKIP NAVIGATION

all right so today we are dealing yet

very important topic and that is the

corneal ulcers frequently we get this

problem that how to differentiate

between the different ulcers when it is

bacterial when it is viral where it is

fungal what are the most prominent

features and how to decide the treatment

of choice so all right we'll be starting

with first the most common also and that

is the bacterial answer the bacterial

corneal ulcer is the most common as we

know now what is the most important

cause of this answer as you know the

most important cause of this also is the

epithelial erosion whenever there is a

patil erosion due to any of the reason

secondary bacterial infection is very

commonly occurring and the most common

bacteria is actually the staph aureus

staph aureus is most common in the world

but if they ask you in India then it is

actually the it is actually the

streptococcus pneumoniae so we have most

common in the word as well as we have

most common in India as well as the most

common factor which is actually

responsible for the corneal ulcer is the

epithelial erosion now because most of

the bacteria are not able to invade the

intact epithelium that is why epithelial

erosion is actually the most common

cause of the secondary bacterial

infection but I will say that some

bacteria are much virulence and those

bacteria which are virulent enough which

are aggressive enough which can invade

the intact epithelium they have the risk

of causing corneal ulcers even when

there is conjunctivitis so for example

if I talk about gonococcus guna gokul

conjunctivitis which is most commonly

the purulent conjunctivitis whenever a

patient

this systemic type of gonococcal

conjunctivitis which has systemic

features also like we have urethritis we

have arthritis in all these cases there

is always a risk of the bacterial

infection in the cornea also there is a

risk of corneal involvement also because

it can invade the intact corneal

epithelium now let us see a list which

can invade the intact corneal epithelium

the first important is the Corney

bacterium tip 3 the first important

bacteria is the Corney bacterium def 3

the second one second is the nazaria go

nori nazaria go nori the third important

is the nazaria meningitidis nazaria

meningitidis then the fourth one is the

Listeria food is the Listeria and fifth

is the H influenza and finally we have

the Shigella now this is again I

important mcq all those bacteria which

can invade the internal epithelium are

these and apart from this they will

always cause corneal ulcers is epithelial erosion all right

now because there is lot of vascular

ization which is present in the

bacterial corneal ulcer a very important

complaint of this patients these

patients is the pain in fact I can say

that pain is the most dominant feature

as well as most prominent feature of

those patients who are having the

bacterial corneal ulcer and both is due

to the vascular ization because it is so

red like why it is so painful both of

them is occurring due to the

vascularization lot of vascularization

reading lot of pain and lot of

congestion

now these bacteria when they are

invading and they are going inside in

the different layers of the cornea as

they reach inside they can also cause

the uveitis uveitis means are ido site

light

when the inflammation is going to the

deeper layers there is active ulceration

from the superficial layers to the

deeper layers this keratitis which could

have started from conjunctivitis also so

this conjunctivitis then keratitis

is going to the deeper layers also it is

involving the iris and ciliary body it

is causing a reduce eye cleitus and that

is why photophobia

photophobia is again a very important

symptom of these patients plus the

inflammatory cells now these

inflammatory cells when they're

collected inside the anterior chamber

because of their happiness the accidents

will always settle .

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